What is used to eliminate gunpowder residue when cleaning a firearm?

Gun cleaning solvent is used to eliminate gunpowder residue when cleaning a firearm because it is specifically designed to break down and dissolve the residues left by the combustion of gunpowder, along with other fouling materials such as carbon and lead. These solvents contain chemical compounds that effectively penetrate the fouling layers, allowing for thorough cleaning of the firearm's internal parts and barrel. Using a solvent ensures that all residues are removed, which is crucial for maintaining optimal firearm performance, ensuring reliability, and preventing potential malfunctions.

While water can remove some residues, it is not as effective as a dedicated cleaning solvent and may even lead to rust or corrosion if not completely dried off. Lemon juice, on the other hand, does not have the suitable properties to effectively clean gunpowder residue and may also lead to damage due to its acidity. Oil is typically used for lubrication and protection after cleaning, but it does not clean or remove residues, making it unsuitable for the initial cleaning process.