Which factor can greatly affect a firearm's performance at longer distances?

The performance of a firearm at longer distances can be influenced significantly by several factors, all of which are encompassed in the correct answer.

Firstly, the type of ammunition used plays a crucial role. Different types of ammunition have various ballistic characteristics, including velocity, weight, and shape. These factors affect how the round behaves in flight, including its stability and drop over distance, which directly impacts accuracy.

Secondly, barrel length is another critical factor. A longer barrel can increase the velocity of the projectile due to the extended amount of time the propellant has to act on the bullet. Increased velocity can improve accuracy and reduce the bullet's drop, making it more effective at longer ranges. Additionally, a longer barrel can enhance the stability of the projectile as it exits, contributing to better performance.

Lastly, the type of sighting system utilized can greatly affect aim and accuracy at extended distances. Different sights provide varying levels of precision and ease of target acquisition. Advanced optics can include features such as magnification and reticle adjustments that assist in compensating for bullet drop and windage, allowing for more accurate long-range shooting.

When these factors are considered together, they collectively create a significant impact on the firearm's overall performance at longer distances. Therefore, understanding and optimizing