Which type of weapon is primarily designed for defensive operations?

Shotguns are primarily designed for defensive operations due to their versatility and effectiveness in close-quarters situations. They have a wide spread of shot that allows the user to hit a target more easily at shorter ranges, making them ideal for scenarios where engagements happen at a close distance, such as within buildings or confined environments. Their ability to fire different types of ammunition, including buckshot for personal defense and slugs for greater penetration, enhances their defensive capabilities.

In contrast, while assault rifles and sniper rifles have their respective roles in military operations, they are more suited for offensive maneuvers and intended for engagements at longer ranges. Assault rifles are designed for versatility and rapid fire, typically for offensive action, while sniper rifles focus on precision shooting from a distance. Anti-tank weapons are specialized for targeting vehicles and armored threats and are not primarily intended for defensive operations in close quarters. Thus, the shotgun's design and function align closely with the requirements of defensive actions, positioning it as the correct choice for this question.